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Niebla sorocarpia
''Niebla sorocarpia'' is a fruticose lichen that grows on rocks along the foggy Pacific Coast of California in the Channel Islands (San Miguel Island) and in Baja California in the Northern Vizcaíno Desert.〔Spjut, R. W. 1996. ''Niebla'' and ''Vermilacinia'' (Ramalinaceae) from California and Baja California. Sida Bot. Misc. 14〕 The epithet, '' sorocarpia'', is in reference to the terminal aggregate apothecia.
==Distinguishing Features==
''Niebla sorocarpia'' is characterized by a turgid hemispherical thallus divided into subtubular branches from a yellowish to yellowish orange pigmented holdfast, to 10 cm high and 12 cm across; the primary branches expanded above, palm-like and contorted from which finger to tongue-shaped lobes arise with dense aggregates of undeveloped isidia (isidium)-like apothecia or with isidia-like pycnidia,〔Pycnidium (pycnidia plural) is a small flash-shaped structure (generally immersed in the thallus, 200–350 µm long, and appearing black like a black dot on the surface of the cortex in ''Niebla'') that produces conidia, which escape through an opening (ostiole) at the top and function in reproduction, asexually or sexually〕〔Bungartz, F. 2002. Morphology and anatomy of conidia-producing structures, Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert 1: 35–40〕 occasionally primary branches not expanded, remaining mostly linear with terminal aggregates of aborted apothecia; the whole thallus resembling broccoli. The species (''N. sorocarpia'') further recognized by the relatively thick cortex, mostly 100–125 µm thick, in contrast to 35–75 µm thick, in the closely related ''Niebla undulata'', covering a subfistulose medulla, the cortex eroding on terminal branches, the medulla exposed. ''Niebla sorocarpia'' is also identified by the lichen substance divaricatic acid, with unknown triterpenes, in contrast to sekikaic acid in ''Niebla lobulata''.〔 Pycnidia prominent on margins of upper branches, with a thalline-like margin.〔''Niebla sorocarpia'', World Botanical Associates, retrieved 2 Jan 2014, http://www.worldbotanical.com/lichens/sorocarpia-10000c.jpg〕 Similar species are ''Niebla undulata'', distinguished by a smaller thallus with a short tubular base, and ''Niebla infundibula'' that differs by lack of aggregate apothecia and larger prominent pycnidia not elevated by the surrounding cortex.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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